Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Outbreak in China: Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) official Dr Atul Goel suggested taking general precautions against all respiratory infections
It’s been a little over four years since China, India, and several other countries recovered from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Three days into 2025, the spread of a new mysterious virus has caused panic in China.
A virus called human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has spread in China. According to Reuters, the country is reporting an increase in HMPV cases, especially among children under the age of 14 in the northern states. Amid growing health concerns, speculation is rife as to whether the virus will hit India or if COVID-19 times will return.
What is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. It primarily causes infections in the respiratory tract and is known to affect individuals of all ages, with severe cases more common among young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems.
The emergence of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China has sparked global concern, with reports suggesting a surge in cases similar to the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. While experts urge calm, understanding the virus, its symptoms, and its potential impact is crucial.
Current Situation in China
China has reported a significant increase in HMPV cases, with some hospitals experiencing a surge in patients displaying flu-like symptoms. The outbreak has drawn comparisons to the early COVID-19 wave, raising concerns about a potential global spread.
Key Updates from China:
- Hospitals Overwhelmed: Reports indicate that certain hospitals in China are dealing with a rise in respiratory illness cases attributed to HMPV.
- Symptoms Observed: Common symptoms include fever, cough, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, and, in severe cases, pneumonia.
- Severity: While HMPV can cause serious illness, experts note that it is not as transmissible or deadly as COVID-19.
Should India Worry About HMPV?
Health authorities in India have been closely monitoring the situation. The Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) has stated no immediate cause for alarm. Indian experts have emphasized that HMPV is not new and that the country’s healthcare system is prepared to handle potential cases.
Expert Opinions:
- No Need for Panic: Unlike COVID-19, HMPV has been known to medical science for decades, and preventive measures are already in place.
- Preparedness: Indian health agencies have recommended maintaining standard respiratory hygiene and monitoring travel-related cases.
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Symptoms of HMPV
The symptoms of HMPV are similar to other respiratory infections and include:
- Mild Symptoms:
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Fever
- Severe Symptoms:
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
- Pneumonia
High-risk groups include children under five, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Global Impact and Travel Advisory
The outbreak in China has prompted discussions about international travel and the risk of transmission. While no travel bans have been imposed, authorities recommend caution, particularly for individuals traveling to or from affected regions.
Measures for Travelers:
- Wear masks in crowded areas.
- Practice good hand hygiene.
- Avoid close contact with individuals showing respiratory symptoms.
Can HMPV Cause a Global Outbreak?
Experts believe that while HMPV is a cause for concern, it is unlikely to trigger a global pandemic like COVID-19. The virus does not spread as rapidly, and established diagnostic tools exist to identify and manage infections effectively.
Prevention and Recommendations
- For Individuals:
- Wash hands frequently with soap and water.
- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
- For Authorities:
- Strengthen surveillance systems for early detection.
- Increase public awareness about respiratory infections.
- Coordinate with global health organizations for containment measures.
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