Latest Updated CBSE Class 10 Science CH-02 Acids Bases and Salts
CBSE Class 10 Science Notes CH-2 Acids Bases and Salts
Here’s a concise summary of CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases, and Salts:
1. Key Concepts
- Acids: Sour taste, turn blue litmus red, release H⁺ ions in water.
- Bases: Bitter taste, soapy touch, turn red litmus blue, release OH⁻ ions in water.
- Salts: Neutral compounds formed by acid-base neutralization.
2. Important Reactions
- Acid + Base → Salt + Water (Neutralization)
- Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas
- Base + Non-metal Oxide → Salt + Water
3. pH Scale
- Measures acidity/basicity (0-14 scale).
- pH < 7: Acidic; pH = 7: Neutral; pH > 7: Basic.
4. Key Processes
- Water of Crystallization: Bound water in salts (e.g., gypsum → plaster of Paris).
- Common Compounds:
- Baking soda (NaHCO₃): Used in cooking and cleaning.
- Washing soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O): Used in detergents.
- Bleaching powder (Ca(OCl)₂): Disinfectant.
This chapter focuses on practical applications and key chemical principles.
Most Important Science Class 10 Questions Answers
1. What happens when acids react with metals? Write a chemical equation.
- Answer: Acids react with metals to form salt and hydrogen gas.
Example:
2. What is the pH value of a neutral solution? Explain its importance.
- Answer: The pH of a neutral solution is 7. It indicates equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions, essential for biological and chemical balance.
3. Write the chemical name and formula of:
- Baking soda: Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO₃
- Washing soda: Sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
4. How is the plaster of Paris prepared? Write its uses.
- Answer:
- Preparation: Heating gypsum at 373K:
- Uses: Making molds, casts, and as a building material.
- Preparation: Heating gypsum at 373K:
Also Read:- Latest Updated CBSE Class 10 Science CH-01 Chemical Reactions and Equations
Most Important MCQs Science Class 10
1. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
a) 0
b) 7
c) 14
d) 10
Answer: b) 7
2. Which of the following is a strong acid?
a) HCl
b) CH₃COOH
c) H₂CO₃
d) NaOH
Answer: a) HCl
3. What is the chemical formula of sodium bicarbonate?
a) Na₂CO₃
b) NaHCO₃
c) NaOH
d) NaCl
Answer: b) NaHCO₃
4. Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Hydrogen
d) Nitrogen
Answer: c) Hydrogen
5. What is the formula for sodium carbonate?
a) Na₂CO₃·10H₂O
b) Na₂SO₄
c) NaCl
d) Na₂CO₃
Answer: d) Na₂CO₃
6. Which of the following is formed when an acid reacts with a base?
a) Water and salt
b) Water and gas
c) Salt and metal
d) Salt and oxygen
Answer: a) Water and salt
7. Which one of the following is used in making glass?
a) Sodium chloride
b) Sodium hydroxide
c) Sodium bicarbonate
d) Sodium carbonate
Answer: d) Sodium carbonate
These MCQs cover the key concepts from the chapter and will be useful for practice!
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